The Abolition of Man

In 'The Abolition of Man,' C. S. Lewis presents a critical examination of modern education and the philosophical underpinnings of morality. The book is divided into three essays that delve into the failures of teaching in values and the concept of objective morality. Lewis argues that contemporary educators, through their rejection of absolute values and the universal moral order, risk creating a society devoid of ethical principles. He warns against the implications of this trend—namely, the rise of a future where human beings are manipulated and controlled by a ruling elite. Central to Lewis's argument is the idea that natural law, or objective morality, is foundational to civilization and human dignity. He contends that to abandon these principles is to set humanity on a perilous path toward dehumanization and tyranny. The book ultimately serves as a call to recognize and restore the importance of objective moral values in education and society, challenging readers to consider the profound consequences of losing touch with an ethical framework rooted in nature and tradition.

Highlights

Critique of Modern Education

Lewis takes a critical stance against modern educational practices which, he argues, undermine the teaching of moral values. He highlights the dangers of a subjective approach to ethics, pointing out that it leads to a relativistic worldview where distinctions between right and wrong are blurred. Through examples of contemporary textbooks, he illustrates how this trend neglects the essential truths about human nature and morality that have been recognized across cultures and throughout history, ultimately creating a generation that struggles to discern ethical principles.

The Concept of Natural Law

A key theme in Lewis's writing is the notion of natural law, which he posits as an intrinsic framework for understanding morality. He insists that objective moral values, derived from human nature and the universe, exist independently of human opinion. By discussing historical perspectives and philosophical arguments, Lewis reaffirms that these inherent principles are crucial for social cohesion and personal righteousness. He warns that should humanity abandon these laws, it risks descending into a state of moral chaos, where humans are merely subject to the dictates of power devoid of ethical considerations.

The Implications of Moral Relativism

Lewis warns of the long-term implications of adopting a relativistic stance toward morality. He explores the potential for a society that disregards objective ethics to manifest tyranny and manipulation, with a small elite exercising control over the masses. He argues that the 'abolition of man' refers to the loss of individual integrity and the subjugation of human will, leading to an era where people are engineered for the convenience of those in power. This bleak forecast challenges readers to understand the vital connection between moral belief and true human flourishing.

Who should read this?

This book is essential for anyone interested in philosophy, morality, and the role of education in shaping ethical thought. C. S. Lewis's compelling arguments will resonate with educators, parents, and students alike, prompting reflection on the importance of teaching objective values in an increasingly relativistic society.

About the authors

C. S. Lewis

Clive Staples Lewis (1898-1963) was a British writer and scholar, best known for his works of fiction and Christian literature. He served as a professor of literature at the University of Oxford and later at Cambridge. Lewis authored numerous popular works, including 'The Chronicles of Narnia' series and 'Mere Christianity.' His thoughtful explorations of faith, morality, and meaning have made him a significant figure in 20th-century literature, influencing both secular and religious audiences.